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Boundary critique (BC) is the concept in critical systems thinking, according to Ulrich (2002) that states that "both the meaning and the validity of professional propositions always depend on boundary judgments as to what 'facts' (observation) and 'norms' (valuation standards) are to be considered relevant" or not.〔Werner Ulrich (2002). "Boundary Critique". in: ''The Informed Student Guide to Management Science'', ed. by H.G. Daellenbach and Robert L. Flood, London: Thomson Learning, 2002, p. 41f.〕 Boundary critique is a general systems thinking principle similar to concepts as multiple perspectives, and interconnectedness. Boundary critique according to Cabrera (2006) is "in a way identical to distinction making as both processes cause one to demarcate between what is in and what is out of a particular construct. Boundary critique may also allude to how one must be explicit (e.g., critical) of these boundary decisions. Distinction making, on the other hand, is autonomic—one constantly makes distinctions all of the time."〔Derek Cabrera (2006). ("Boundary Critique: A Minimal Concept Theory of Systems Thinking" ). ISSS research paper.〕 Boundary critique is based on Churchman's (1970) 〔C. West Churchman (1970). ''Operations research as a profession. Management Science'', 17, B37-53.〕 argument, "that what is to be included or excluded for any analysis of a situation is a vital consideration".〔Carolyn Kagan, Sue Caton, Amisha Amin and Amna Choudry (2005). ("Boundary critique' community psychology and citizen participation" ) Paper delivered to European Community Psychology Conference, Berlin, September 2004.〕 According to Kagan et al. (2004) "Something that appears to be relevant to overall project improvement given a narrowly defined boundary, may not be seen as relevant at all if the boundaries are pushed out. Thus, he argues, as much information as possible should be 'swept in' to the definition of the intervention".〔 This argumentation was extended by Werner Ulrich in the 1980s. According to Kagan et al. (2004) he "offered a detailed challenge to the idea that the boundaries of any system are given and linked to "social reality". They are social or personal constructs that define the limits of knowledge relevant to any particular analysis. From this position, pushing out the boundaries of an analysis, in the context of human systems, also involves pushing the boundaries of who may be considered a decision maker".〔 In the practice of boundary critique, according to Ulrich (2000)〔Werner Ulrich(2000). "Reflective Practice in the Civil Society: The contribution of critically systemic thinking". in: ''Reflective Practice;;, 1, (2) 247-268〕 different kind of boundaries can be set based on different questions: * ''Self-reflective boundary'' relating to the question "What are my boundary judgements?". * ''Dialogical boundary'' relating to the question "Can we agree on our boundary judgements?". * ''Controversial boundary'' relating to the question "Don't you claim too much?". == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Boundary critique」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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